Author:

Camilo Machado de Miranda Porto

Abstract:

The present work analyzes the functioning of the system of government adopted in Brazil, characterized by coalition presidentialism, conjugated to the federal model of state, with multiparty system and voting system and proportional representation. As a result, the consistent problem arises whether or not there is a need to form party coalitions in the National Congress to support the Executive as a condition for governability and what are the implications of the party and electoral systems on these coalitions in the parliamentary arena. Because of these characteristics, Coalition Presidentialism is posited as a fourth model of government system, endowed with autonomy, specifics and scope of its own. In order to demonstrate all its nuances, the comparative and historiographic methods were used, based on the premise that any political model is a result of the historical and social context of the place where it emerged. For this reason, we analyzed the matrix of each system of government, its origin and development, which ensured the peculiarities that make them paradigms. In this sense, we have studied the British parliamentary system, US presidentialism and French semi-presidentialism. Then, based on the premise that US presidentialism was the model reproduced by Brazil after the institution of the Republic, the focus of this study turned to the way in which this system of government conformed and was conformed by the North- American crisis in the main periods of crisis experienced. Such an approach is important to conceive of the way in which the matrix of Presidentialism implanted in Brazil evolved, in order to debug its main virtues and vices found in practice, rather than in utopian conceptual models that are inapplicable to the Brazilian experience. Later, the historical evolution of the Brazilian constitutional political system was explained, from the formation of the sovereign state to the present Fifth Republic, in order to ascertain the way in which the national peculiarities also modified and were influenced by this system of government. This approach was also followed by the study of the means by which party and voting systems condition the system of government, making it essential to analyze the electoral connection between the political arenas, that is, the previous partisan-electoral arena and the subsequent electoral arena. parliamentary arena In this way, we tried to demonstrate the most appropriate model to the Brazilian reality, which provides a better balance between the functions of Power, public institutions and civil society, and greater inclusion of the population in political and electoral decision-making processes.